AGGREGATE examples

#ENCODING
import io
import sys
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-16')
#MONGO
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient()
client.progzoo.authenticate('scott','tiger')
db = client['progzoo']
#PRETTY
import pprint
pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)

Introducing the aggregation framework

These examples introduce the aggregation framework and its operators. Again we will be using the collection world

$match Allows us to perform queries in a similar way to find()

Show all the details for France

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.aggregate([
        {"$match":{"name":"France"}}
    ])
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.aggregate([{"$match":{"name":"France"}}])))

$project Allows us to select what fields to display.
It can also has the ability to insert new fields and allows you to compare fields against each other without using $where

Show the name and population density of all Asian countries. (population/area)

Note that "density" is a new field, made from the result of dividing two existing fields, and that $divide is an aggregate function.

To avoid diving by 0 we do a $match to remove any countries with 0 area (Vatican City), then pipe these results through to $project

pp.pprint(list(
     db.world.aggregate([
        {"$match":{"area":{"$ne":0},"continent":"Asia"}},
        {"$project":{
            "_id":0,
            "name":1,
            "density": {"$divide": ["$population","$area"]}
        }}
    ])
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.aggregate([{"$match":{"area":{"$ne":0},"continent":"Asia"}},{"$project":{"_id":0,"name":1,"density":{"$divide":["$population","$area"]}}}])))

$sort Allows us to choose how the results are displayed, where 1 is ascending and -1 is descending.
Note that excluding $match is the same as {"$match":{}}

Show the name of all countries in descending order.

pp.pprint(list(
     db.world.aggregate([
        {"$project":{
            "_id":0,
            "name":1,
        }},
        {"$sort":{
            "name":-1
        }}  
    ])
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.aggregate([{"$project":{"_id":0,"name":1,}},{"$sort":{"name":-1}}])))

Grouping

Grouping allows us to use accumulator operations sum as $sum
All groups must have an _id. To accumulate over all the results you can just use null

$max and $min can be used to get the largest and smallest values in a group.

Get the smallest and largest GDPs.

pp.pprint(list(
     db.world.aggregate([
        {"$group":{
            '_id':'null',
            'min':{"$min":"$gdp"},
            'max':{"$max":"$gdp"},
        }},
        {"$project":{
          "_id":0,  
          "min":1,
          "max":1
        }},
    ])
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.aggregate([{"$group":{'_id':'null','min':{"$min":"$gdp"},'max':{"$max":"$gdp"},}},{"$project":{"_id":0,"min":1,"max":1}},])))

In the previous example it is impossible to get the names of the countries with the largest and smallest GDPs.
If we want to do this, we can use sort=[("uid", -1)] inside a find_one() statement, eg:

Get the names and GDPs of the two countries with the smallest and largest GDPs.

It is possible that we will occasionally encounter null values in a data collection. To deal with this we can use {<field>: {"$ne": None}} to prevent any null values from being included.

pp.pprint(
    db.world.find_one({"gdp":{"$ne":None}},{"name":1,"gdp":1,"_id":0},sort=[("gdp", 1)])
)
pp.pprint(
    db.world.find_one({},{"name":1,"gdp":1,"_id":0},sort=[("gdp", -1)])
)db.world.find_one({},{"name":1,"gdp":1,"_id":0},sort=[("gdp", -1)])
)

pp.pprint(db.world.find_one({"gdp":{"$ne":None}},{"name":1,"gdp":1,"_id":0},sort=[("gdp",1)]))pp.pprint(db.world.find_one({},{"name":1,"gdp":1,"_id":0},sort=[("gdp",-1)]))