MapReduce

#ENCODING
import io
import sys
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-16')
#MONGO
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient()
client.progzoo.authenticate('scott','tiger')
db = client['progzoo']
#PRETTY
import pprint
pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)

Page Under Construction

Introducing the MapReduce function

The MapReduce function is an aggregate function that consists of two functions: Map and Reduce. As the name would suggest, the map is always performed before the reduce.

The map function takes data and breaks it down into tuples (key/value pairs) for each element in the dataset
The reduce function then takes the result of the map function and simply reduces it in to a smaller set of tuples by merging all values with the same key.

Map is used to deal with "embarassingly parallel problems" where a task can be broken down into subtasks that can then be ran simultaneously without affecting each other. Instead of just processing elements one by one, all elements can all be dealt with at the same time in parallel. This allows for massively reduced processing times as well as large scalability across multiple servers, making it an attractive solution to handling Big Data.

This is a feature more suited for the shell or a Node.JS implementation, as here we will need to use JavaScript code inside Pymongo. Also note that the Mongo shell version of this is mapReduce, whereas PyMongo use map_reduce()

For this example our MapReduce takes the form:

db.<collection>.map_reduce(
    map=<function>,
    reduce=<function>,
    out=<collection>
)

In this example we will be returning the population of all the continents.

emit(k,v) lets us pick the fields we want to turn into tuples, where k is the key and v is the value. Our keys will be the continents and our values will be the population
In our reduce we sum all the values associated with Finally we specify that we want the "out" part of the mapreduce to be inline rather than a collection, allowing us to print it to screen.

from bson.code import Code
pp.pprint(
    db.world.map_reduce(
        map=Code("function(){emit(this.continent, this.population)}"), 
        reduce=Code("function(key, values){"
                    "    var total = 0;"
                    "    for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++){"
                    "        total += values[i];"
                    "    }"
                    "    return total;"
                    "}"),
        out={"inline":1},
    )
)

This is all very good, but what if we only want the results of a MapReduce? Whilst we would normally write our results to another collection, for these examples we can create a temporary results set like so. Note that we use python's notation to select the results.

Find the average population of each country by continent

from bson.code import Code
temp = db.world.map_reduce(
        map=Code("function(){emit(this.continent, this.population)}"), 
        reduce=Code("function(key, values){"
                  "    var total = 0;"
                  "    for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++){"
                  "        total += values[i];"
                  "    }"
                  "    return total/values.length;"
                  "}"),
        out={"inline":1},
)

pp.pprint(list(
   temp["results"]
))

from bson.code import Code; temp = db.world.map_reduce(map=Code("function(){emit(this.continent, this.population)}"), reduce=Code("function(key, values){ var total = 0; for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++){total += values[i];}return total/values.length;}"),out={"inline":1});pp.pprint(list(temp["results"]))

This also allows us to do things like sorting, again for this we use Python, and not PyMongo.

from bson.code import Code
temp = db.world.map_reduce(
        map=Code("function(){emit(this.continent, this.population)}"), 
        reduce=Code("function(key, values){"
                  "    var total = 0;"
                  "    for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++){"
                  "        total += values[i];"
                  "    }"
                  "    return total/values.length;"
                  "}"),
        out={"inline":1},
)

import operator
pp.pprint(list(
   sorted(temp["results"],key=operator.itemgetter('_id'), reverse=True)
))

from bson.code import Code temp = db.world.map_reduce(map=Code("function(){emit(this.continent, this.population)}"), reduce=Code("function(key, values){var total = 0;for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++){total += values[i];}return total/values.length;}"),out={"inline":1});import operator;pp.pprint(list(sorted(temp["results"],key=operator.itemgetter('_id'), reverse=True)))