RegEx Pattern Matching

#ENCODING
import io
import sys
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-16')
#MONGO
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient()
client.progzoo.authenticate('scott','tiger')
db = client['progzoo']
#PRETTY
import pprint
pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)

Pattern Matching String

This tutorial uses RegEx to check names. We will be using find() on the collection world.

You can use '$regex':"^B" to get all the countries that start with B.

Find the countries that start with Y

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"^Y"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"^Y"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

You can use '$regex':"a$" to get all the countries that end with a.

Find the countries that end with Y

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"$Y"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"$Y"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Luxembourg has an x, so does one other country, list them both

Find the countries that contain the letter x

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"x"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"x"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Iceland and Switzerland end with land but where are the others?

Find the countries that end with land

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"land$"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"land$"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Columbia starts with a C and ends with ia - there are two other countries like this.
You can use .* to match any amount of any characters except newlines.

Find the countries that start with C and end with ia

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"^C.*ia$"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"^C.*ia$"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Greece has a double e, who has a double o

Find the country that has oo in its name

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"oo"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"oo"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Bahamas has three a, who else?

Find the country that has three or more a in the name

[Aa] matches both capital and lowercase A.

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"(.*[aA].*){3}"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"(.*[aA].*){3}"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

India and Angola have n as their second character.
.* Indicates zero or more characters, . indicates just one.

Find the countries that have "t" as the second character.

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"^.t"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"^.t"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Lesotho and Moldova both have two o characters seperated by two other characters.

Find the countries that have two "o" characters separated by two others.

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"o..o"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"o..o"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Cuba and Togo have four character names.

Find the countries that have exactly four characters

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"^.{4}$"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{'$regex':"^.{4}$"}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Complex Examples

The capital of Luxembourg is Luxembourg. Show all the countries where the capital is the same as the name of the country

You can compare two fields by using where
db.<collection>.find({"$where":"this.<field1> <<operator>> this.<field2>"})
Where uses JavaScript on each document,this means you are able to call string methods such as .match()

Find the country where the name is the capital city.

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"$where":"this.name == this.capital"},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"$where":"this.name == this.capital"},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

The capital of Mexico is Mexico City. Show all the countries where the capital has the country together with the word "City".

Find the country where the capital is the country plus "City".

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"$where":"this.capital == this.name+' City'"},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"$where":"this.capital == this.name+' City'"},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Find the capital and the name where the capital includes the name of the country.

You should include countries like Luxembourg where the capital is Luxembourg, and countries like Mexico where the capital is Mexico City

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"$where":"this.capital.match(this.name)"},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"$where":"this.capital.match(this.name)"},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Find the capital and the name where the capital is an extension of name of the country.

You should include Mexico City as it is longer than Mexico. You should not include Luxembourg as the capital is the same as the country.

. matches a single character.
* matches zero or more of the previous character or string if a string is given in brackets, eg: (abc)*
+ matches one or more of the previous character or string.
.* is the same as '0 or more characters' and .+ is the same as "at least one character"

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"$where":"this.capital.match('^'+this.name+'.+$')"},{"name":1,"capital":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"$where":"this.capital.match('^'+this.name+'.+$')"},{"name":1,"capital":1,"_id":0})))