FIND Examples
Introducing the world collection of countries
These examples introduce NoSQL using MongoDB. We will be using the find() command on the collection world:
By default, find() returns the entire contents of a collection. This is equivalent to find({})
Show all the documents in world
db.world.find()
It is also possible to just return the first document with find_one(). The Mongo shell equivalent to this is findOne()
list() is a python function and is a convient way to display a cursor object. Alternatively you could use a for loop:
for document in db.<collection>.find():
print(document)
find_one() returns a single document, so a list() or loop is not needed.
Show the first document of world
db.world.findOne()
db.world.findOne()
It is also possible to specify which document to find by its position.
db.world.find().skip(49).limit(1)
Get the 50th document of world
db.world.find()[49]
db.world.find()[49]
Querying
find() can filter results if a document is used as an argument.
Get all the data concerning france
db.world.find_one({"name":"France"})
db.world.find_one({"name":"France"})
By passing a second parameter to find() the output can be limited to certain field(s)
In this example 1 indicates "true" and 0 indicates "false"
A feature of MongoDB is the ObjectID or _id.
This is a unique ID MongoDB adds to each document. Unlike other keys, it has to be explicitly set to false to be excluded from the results set.
Get the population of Germany
db.world.find_one({"name":"Germany"},{"population":1,"_id":0})
MongoDB also allows comparisons. Syntax:
Mongo | MySQL -------------- $eq | == $gt | > $gte | >= $lt | < $lte | <= $ne | !=, <> $in | IN $nin | NOT IN
List the countries with a population that's less than 1 million.
db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
It's also possible to have multiple conditions for use in an $and, $or, etc. This can be done in several ways, for example:
AND (implicit)
db.<collection>.find({<first condition>,<second condition>})
db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000},"area":{"$gt":200000}})
AND (explicit)
db.<collection>.find({"$and":[<first condition>,<second condition>]})
db.world.find({"$and":[{"population":{"$lt":1000000}},{"area":{"$gt":200000}}]})
OR
db.<collection>.find({"$or":[<first condition>,<second condition>]})
db.world.find({"$or":[{"population":{"$lt":1000000}},{"area":{"$gt":200000}}]})
Find the countries with less than 1 million people, but over 200000km2 area
pp.pprint(list(
db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000},"area":{"$gt":200000}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))
pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000},"area":{"$gt":200000}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))
Lists can be used with $in and $nin:
Find the continent of Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Ghana.
db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000},"area":{"$gt":200000}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
Pattern matching is possible with Regular Expressions (RegEx)
The Mongo shell syntax is simpler than pymongo:
db.<collection>.find({<field>:/.*/})
Show each country that begins with G
db.world.find({"name":{"$in":["Brazil","United Kingdom","Ghana"]}},{"name":1,"continent":1,"_id":0})
db.world.find({"name":{"$in":["Brazil","United Kingdom","Ghana"]}},{"name":1,"continent":1,"_id":0})